The Israel-Palestine conflict, one of the most protracted and deeply entrenched disputes in the world, revolves around historical claims to land, national identity, and sovereignty in the Middle East. It’s a complex and multifaceted issue with roots dating back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

At the heart of this conflict is the clash between Jewish Zionists and Arab Palestinians over territory, primarily the land that now comprises Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip. The Zionist movement emerged in the late 19th century, aiming to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire. The migration of Jewish immigrants into Palestine, primarily in the early 20th century, resulted in increasing tensions between the Jewish and Arab communities.

The situation escalated in the aftermath of World War II and the Holocaust, prompting international sympathy and support for Jewish survivors and the Zionist cause. In 1947, the United Nations proposed a partition plan, dividing Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states, with Jerusalem designated as an international city. The plan was accepted by the Jewish leadership but rejected by the Arab states and Palestinian leadership.

In 1948, following the declaration of the State of Israel, the Arab-Israeli War broke out. Israel emerged victorious and expanded its territory beyond the UN-allocated borders. This led to the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinian Arabs, creating a refugee crisis that remains unresolved to this day.

Subsequent conflicts, most notably the Six-Day War in 1967, further reshaped the territorial landscape, with Israel capturing the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula, and the Golan Heights. The occupation of these territories has been a central point of contention in the conflict.

Core issues in the Israel-Palestine conflict include:

Jerusalem: Both Israelis and Palestinians claim Jerusalem as their capital, with the city holding deep religious significance for Jews, Muslims, and Christians. The status of Jerusalem remains a major obstacle to a comprehensive peace agreement.

Borders: The borders of a future Palestinian state and the security concerns of Israel are fundamental issues. Palestinians seek a state based on pre-1967 borders, while Israel emphasizes the need for secure borders.

Refugees: The Palestinian refugee issue is a matter of great importance. Millions of Palestinians are descendants of those who were displaced during the 1948 and 1967 conflicts. They demand the right of return or compensation, while Israel is concerned about the demographic implications of such a return.

Security: Ensuring the security of Israel and its citizens has been a paramount concern, given historical conflicts and acts of violence. The demilitarization of a future Palestinian state and other security arrangements are central to negotiations.

Efforts to resolve the Israel-Palestine conflict have involved various peace negotiations, international initiatives, and accords. The Oslo Accords of the 1990s aimed at a two-state solution, where Israel and Palestine would coexist peacefully side by side. However, the implementation of these agreements faced numerous obstacles, including violence and political disputes.

The situation on the ground remains tense, marked by recurring violence, settlement expansion in the West Bank, and restrictions on the movement of Palestinians. International involvement, including mediation by the United States, the United Nations, and regional actors, continues in attempts to reach a comprehensive and lasting resolution to the conflict.

The Israel-Palestine conflict has significant regional and global implications, impacting stability in the Middle East and international diplomacy. Finding a just and sustainable solution remains a formidable challenge, with the hope that a negotiated settlement can eventually bring about a peaceful coexistence between Israelis and Palestinians.

Sadly, hatred of ‘others’ is very often in the open these days, with much more just under the thin veneer of civilized society. It’s not enough to simply ‘never forget’ the events of the Holocaust, all forms of discrimination and hatred must be actively resisted. The Holocaust happened (and can happen again) when good people turn a blind eye to everyday hatred.

First they came for the Communists,
And I did not speak out
Because I was not a Communist.
Then they came for the Socialists,
And I did not speak out
Because I was not a Socialist.
Then they came for the trade unionists,
And I did not speak out
Because I was not a trade unionist.
Then they came for the Jews,
And I did not speak out
Because I was not a Jew.
Then they came for me,
And there was no one left
To speak out for me.
Martin Niemöller

The Holocaust didn’t begin in the gas chambers, it began with words of hate, because words matter. So, as we pause and remember, we need to reflect on how easy it is to dehumanise people and exclude them because they are different from us; maybe because of their colour or culture, their faith or politics, their gender or sexual orientation etc.

As well as remembering the evils of the past, we should commit to affirming all people, valuing everyone as part of the rich tapestry of humankind, and loving them as they are and for who they are.

It seems to me there’s an element in the English psyche that needs an enemy to fight, a dragon for St George (a foreigner by the way) to slay; an element that harks back to the Second World War and an imagined golden age. In the absence of a current aggressor, that role has been taken for many years by the European Union, which the United Kingdom voted to leave in 2016 by a narrow majority in a divisive referendum.

The benefits of EU membership have never really been promoted, and often lies about the EU have been perpetuated that have established themselves in our national identity. For decades politicians have also been content to blame their failures on the EU because it’s been politically expedient for them to do so.

We dubiously lift ourselves up by putting others down, insulting the Germans (for example), and hating others rather than working together for the common good, even if we hurt ourselves in the process. The latter is especially so in the possible no-deal Brexit scenario, as this would have catastrophic consequences for the UK.

For some who voted Brexit, the ‘enemy’ is now those who voted to remain in the EU, often referred to as ‘traitors’ and ‘enemies of the people’. This attitude is unhelpful and dangerous as it opens the way for far-right extremists to gain influence and power, history reminding us this never ends well.

Somehow, our nation needs to unite and find the best way forward, but I’m not sure how this can happen, and I’m concerned about the country I love.