Halloween, celebrated each year on 31 October, has deep and ancient roots that stretch back over two thousand years. Its origins lie in the Celtic festival of Samhain, marking the end of the harvest and the beginning of winter, a time associated with death and the thinning of the veil between the living and the dead. The Celts, who lived across Ireland, Britain, and northern France, believed that on this night, spirits could roam the earth. Bonfires were lit to ward off evil, and people wore disguises to confuse wandering souls.

As Christianity spread through Europe, the Church sought to replace pagan traditions with Christian observances. In the eighth century, Pope Gregory III established 1 November as All Saints’ Day (also known as All Hallows’ Day), a time to honour saints and martyrs. The evening before became All Hallows’ Eve, eventually shortened to Halloween. This blending of ancient customs with Christian remembrance created a rich, layered festival combining solemn reflection with folk ritual.

When European immigrants brought these traditions to North America, they evolved further. In colonial times, Halloween was modest, but in the 19th century, especially with the arrival of Irish immigrants fleeing the potato famine, it began to flourish. Communities embraced parties, games, and storytelling. The practice of trick-or-treating emerged in the early 20th century, influenced by the old custom of “souling,” where children went door to door offering prayers for the dead in exchange for food.

Today, Halloween is a vibrant blend of the sacred and the secular: a night of carved pumpkins, ghost stories, costumes, and playful fright. Beneath the fun, however, lies a profound awareness of life’s mystery and mortality, echoing Ecclesiastes 3:1 There is a time for everything, and a season for every activity under the heavens. For many, Halloween remains a moment to pause between autumn’s glow and winter’s shadow, to remember the past, and to delight in imagination and wonder.

What began as a ritual to honour the cycle of life and death has become a celebration of community and creativity, a reminder that even in the darkest night, the light of human spirit endures.