Doom-scrolling is addictive because it taps into deep instincts that once helped us survive but now keep us glued to screens. It plays on the brain’s reward and threat systems at the same time. When we scroll, we’re seeking information, especially about danger or uncertainty, which the brain interprets as staying safe.

In the past, being alert to threats was vital; now that instinct locks us into endless feeds of bad news.

Each swipe brings something new, and that unpredictability releases dopamine, the same chemical linked to gambling or social media likes. Sometimes we find shock, sometimes relief or outrage, and each hit keeps the cycle going. This variable reward system makes the habit stronger.

There’s also a strange comfort in doom-scrolling, it gives an illusion of control. In anxious times, we try to manage uncertainty by consuming more information, as if knowing enough will protect us. Instead, it feeds stress and helplessness.

Digital platforms amplify the effect. They’re built to maximise engagement, showing emotionally charged content that provokes fear or anger, because strong emotions keep us scrolling. The more we scroll to calm anxiety, the deeper it pulls us in. Breaking the pattern means recognising what’s happening and setting clear boundaries; curating calmer news sources, limiting screen time, or replacing the habit with something that restores peace and presence.